Planting And Caring For Knockout Roses

To plant or if you are simply caring for knock out roses there are a few things those interested in rose gardening should know. When caring for roses, rose planting, rose bush care as well as when to plant roses, organic rose gardening and even growing roses for cuttings are all things that one should be knowledgeable about with knock out roses. These are a fairly new breed of rose, but are hardier than other newer types. This type of rose will thrive in conditions that others will not, and even in some of the worst conditions, caring for roses of this type can be easy and fun.

Knock out roses are a perennial that are known for their continuous blooms and hardiness in harsh climates. To plant your roses, you will have wanted to buy them from a local nursery so that they have less time between being in the ground and being transplanted. The different types of knock out roses all have different sizes when full grown, so take this into consideration when planting. You will want to choose an area that is large enough to sustain the fully grown bush as well as offers at least 6 hours of sun daily. An area that drains well and has workable soil are recommended.

Dig a hole that is about 6 inches wider and deeper than the ball of roots on your rose bush. Hold the soil that is removed and pull out any sticks, rocks or debris from the soil so it can be reused. Mix in any type of rose fertilizer; organic such as manure if you plan on taking part in organic rose gardening. Remove the bush from the container by simply pulling it away from the container while tipping it onto the side. Place a couple of inches of soil mixed with fertilizer into the bottom of your hole. Put the root ball into the hole and spread the roots evenly if allowable. Fill the hole back in with the fertilized soil and mound the soil around the top of the bush. Deep water the bush and allow the soil to settle on its own, as this removes air pockets. Use any remaining soil to create a raised rim around the edge of the plant so that all water will drain to the center where the bush is settled. Cover with mulch so as to keep the plant cool, and water again. When caring for roses, deep water them once a week in drier weather and always water at least twice a week.

When caring for roses, it is best to prune in March as this is considered the easiest time for a rose bush to spring back. Watering is considered to be done best in the morning or late evening so the heat of the day does not cause the water to evaporate.

What is the best combination of roses to get my girlfriend? I?

Question by KZ: What is the best combination of roses to get my girlfriend? I?
I was wondering what the best rose combination was good for my girlfriend. We have been dating for about 5 months. Plain red roses? A mix of red and another color? (if so what color) Dipped tipped roses? I don’t really know what combination is best and i do realize it has to do with personal taste as well but i was wondering on a general opinion too..

Thanks in advance everyone

Best answer:

Answer by jason420
do a dozen red roses with a single white rose in the middle wrap up in some baby breaths

Add your own answer in the comments!

Charlie Rose – growing fiscal deficit / Richard Posner (June 10, 2009)

Charlie Rose – growing fiscal deficit / Richard Posner (June 10, 2009)

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**REPRINT** Handbook on pruning roses. Compiled by a committee of the society. Illustrated by I. M. Charters. Berkhamsted, Eng., 1909.**REPRINT**

**REPRINT** Handbook on pruning roses. Compiled by a committee of the society. Illustrated by I. M. Charters. Berkhamsted, Eng., 1909.**REPRINT**

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The Meaning of Rose Colors

Rose color meanings are based on Greek mythology and historical representations of roses. From Cleopatra’s use of roses for their scent to Aphrodite’s creation of the first rose, red in color as a tribute to lost love, these beautiful flowers were given meaning and value. They are woven into history, poems, plays, painting, and music where they speak to the love and sentiment associated with roses in all their varied colors.

Why is it important to understand the meanings of the various colors?

The gift of a rose is meant to express a sentiment,” I love you”, “I apologize”, “My sympathies”. Each of which is expressed with a distinct color. Let’s look at the various rose color meanings and ways to use them when giving roses as gifts.

White Roses

White petals express innocence, making them the number one flower for weddings. A bride carries white roses as a symbol of her purity. For many, white symbolizes spirituality, making it a good choice for expressions of sympathy and appropriate for funerals. A white rose speaks of honor and respect as well as remembrance, making it a versatile color.

Red Roses

Red petals signify passion and love. Most florists will tell you that red roses are the number one choice for Valentine’s Day giving. Red shows one’s love and nothing says it better than a long stemmed red rose. When red or crimson roses are given as a gift, the giver is sending an indication of his or her love.

Pink Roses

Pink petals, with their soft shades and gentle feeling, have been around forever. This popular color is picked to convey a sense of admiration or affection. People also send pink roses to express sympathy as well as gratitude or to say “thank you”. The dark pink rose is seen as more elegant, its vivid color calls attention to the flower.

Yellow Roses

Yellow petals, with their bright, sunny color, speak of light and sunshine. The meaning of the color yellow, in roses, is to express joy and happiness, making it a natural choice to show friendship. The yellow rose came into popular use after the 18th century and has grown in popularity.

Orange Roses

Orange petals can range in color from a vivid sunset hue to the coral family of oranges. Orange signifies passion and desire – it’s a fiery color. You might not want to give orange roses to a work acquaintance. Orange is a relatively new color for roses, resulting from the combining of red and yellow roses. The meaning of the color may continue to change with time, but for now it’s all about potential romance or burning passion.

Lavender Roses

Lavender petals are such an unusual color that it is considered almost mystical. The color is not readily available everywhere, so the gift of a lavender rose is rare and enchanting. The paler lavender petals have become associated with love at first sight. And the darker purple shades with their opulent rich color, remind us of royalty.

Rose color meanings are typically tied to a single color of roses. While red speaks of love, a bouquet of red roses, mixed with orange roses, and other fall-like foliage can be used for an autumn flower arrangement. When combined, the colors take on different meanings.

A spring grouping of roses in soft tones of pink and white, or maybe pink and lavender no longer represent love, but symbolize the light and hope of spring. Delicate pastel colors can be used for baby showers, or to welcome a new baby. They would be nice for bridal showers too. You can be creative with roses to give meaning to a wide range of events and celebrations.

What is Mycorrhizae?

Mycorrhizae is the name given to the associations between natural soil fungi and plant roots that are of benefit to both the plant and fungi. As such they are a classic Symbiotic relationship. These plant-fungi relationships have been evolving for over 400 million years and vital for over 80% of land plants.

Mycorrhizae are tiny fungi that have been evolving for over 400 million years. These tiny beneficial fungi live on the roots and work in a symbiotic relationship with over 80% of all species of plants.

See an explantation video at on how mycorrhizae works

Mycorrhizal fungi work in a very complex way but the benefits to plant, tree or grass are very simple and very dramatic.

These  highly specialised  fungi live in a symbiotic harmony with the roots of the plant. They bond into or onto the roots massively increasing the effective surface area of the root system  allowing the plant greater access to essential  nutrients and water that may be scarce in the soil but which are essential l for healthy and strong growth.

A good way to understand the benefits of mycorrhizae is to use a fishing comparison If a fisherman is only equipped with a single line fishing rod his ability to catch large amounts of fish is very limited. However if the same fishermen ventures out with a large net, he is able to capture more fish by covering a larger area of sea massively increasing his catch size.

Mycorrhizal fungi work like the fisherman’s net. They can increase the plants roots surface area by up to 4 x its original size. After scavenging for nutrients and water the fungi then pass them back to the roots for use by the plant. This enables  the plant to increase its rate of growth and increases its natural health making it much more resistant to pests and diseases . In return the plant provides the mycorrhizal fungi with some of the sugars that it makes through photosynthesis, which the fungi can then use for its own growth.

 

Benefits of using Mycorrhizal fungi

Accelerates the growth rate of plants
Increases plant growth and survival rates in poor soils
Reduces the need for fertiliser and fungicide as the plant becomes more efficient at scavenging nutrients
Increases the natural vigour and health of the plant
Improves foliar growth and bloom and fruit production.

Which type of Mycorrhizae should i use?

There are two main types of mycorrhizae which associate with specific plants, so before purchasing, you need to make sure that the mycorrhizae you are planning to use are suitable for the plants you have.

The two types of mycorrhizae are:

Endomycorrhiza (Endo):  Endo Mycorrhizae are the most commonly found mycorrhiza. These associate with the most plants and tree species, working with nearly 85% of all plant species.

Ectomycorrhiza (Ecto): Ecto Mycorrhizae are the second most common fungi. They associate and benefit around 10% of all plant species. These fungi are generally found in woody plants (oaks, beech, birch, eucalyptus, oak, pine and some roses.

 

These mycorrhizae do not form an association with Brassicas or with ericaceous plants which includes heathers and blueberries (dan you may want to check up on common ericaceous plants to increase the list)

For a full list of which plants and trees Mycorrhizal Fungi associate with please visit http://www.symbio.co.uk/plants.aspx

Growing Flowers w/ mycorrhizal – The Dirt Doctor

Howard Garrett describes how to use THRIVE which inclues mycorrhizal fungi in a liquid form. All safe and natural solution, just like mother nature intended.

Roses live how long in a vase?

Question by hillbillytweetheart: Roses live how long in a vase?
I have gotten 2 sets of roses from my loving boyfriend about 1 week ago. I did as it tells me how to care for them. i just want to know how long do they last? been 1 week today.

Best answer:

Answer by soho
It kinda of depends on how well you take care of them

Give your answer to this question below!

Harmful Effects of Pesticides on Non-target Organisms

Introduction

Pesticides are found as common contaminants in soil, air, and water, and on non-target vegetation in our urban landscapes. Once there, they can harm plants and animals ranging from beneficial soil microorganisms and insects, non-target plants, fish, birds, and other wildlife. Table 1 summarizes the harmful effects to non-target organisms of some commonly used urban herbicides.

Table 1 . Harmful effects of selected herbicides on non-target organisms

Source: Sanders, 1969

Fish

When pesticides contaminate water they can be harmful to the fish that live there. Insecticides can be particularly toxic to fish. Chlorpyrifos, a common contaminant of urban streams,18 is very highly toxic to fish, and has caused fishkills in waterways near treated fields or buildings.1,2 Diazinon, also commonly found in urban streams,18 is acutely toxic to many species of fish, including salmon.3 Herbicides can also be toxic to fish. According to the EPA, studies show that trifluralin, an active ingredient in the weed-killer Snapshot, “is highly to very highly toxic to both cold and warmwater fish.”4 It was also shown in a series of different tests to cause vertebral deformities in fish.5 Oryzalin, the active ingredient of Surflan, also is ‘highly toxic’ to fish.6 The weed-killers Ronstar and Roundup are also acutely toxic to fish.7,8 The toxicity of Roundup is likely due to the high toxicity of one of the inert ingredients of the product. In addition to direct acute toxicity, some herbicides may produce sublethal effects on fish that lessen their chances for survival and threaten the population as a whole. Glyphosate or glyphosate-containing products can cause sublethal effects such as erratic swimming and labored breathing which increase the fish’s chance of being eaten.9,10 2,4-D herbicides caused physiological stress responses in sockeye salmon,11 and reduced the food gathering abilities of rainbow trout.12

Other Aquatic Animals and Plants

In addition to fish, other marine or freshwater animals are endangered by pesticide contamination. 2,4- D or 2,4-D containing products have been shown to be harmful to newts,13 frogs,14 crabs,15 shellfish,16 and other aquatic species.17,18 The weed-killer trifluralin is moderately to highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates, and highly toxic to estuarine and marine organisms like shrimp and mussels. Diuron is also highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates.19 Since herbicides are designed to kill plants, it makes sense that herbicide contamination of water could have devastating effects on aquatic plants. In one study, oxadiazon was found to severely reduce algae growth.20 Algae is a staple organism in the food chain of aquatic ecosystems. Studies looking at the impacts of the herbicides atrazine and alachlor on algae and diatoms in streams showed that even at fairly low levels, the chemicals damaged cells, blocked photosynthesis, and stunted growth in varying ways.20 Another important class of organisms is the cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria live in aquatic environments as well as soil, and play a crucial role in nitrogen fixation, helping plants convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrate compounds that the plant can use. Trifluralin was found to inhibit the growth of two common cyanobacteria at all levels of application.21

Insects and Spiders

In addition to killing insect “pests,” insecticides obviously have the potential to harm non-target insects such as beneficial natural predators and pollinators. Less obviously, weed-killers can also be harmful to beneficial insects. One study found that exposure to freshly dried Roundup (glyphosate) killed over 50 percent of three species of beneficial insects: a parasitoid wasp, a lacewing and a ladybug. Over 80 percent of a fourth species, a predatory beetle was killed.”22 Moderate doses of the herbicide 2,4-D severely impaired honeybee brood production. 23 The herbicide oxadiazon is also toxic to bees, which are pollinators.24 Herbicides may hurt insects or spiders indirectly as well, such as when they destroy the foliage that these animals need for food and shelter. For example, spider and carabid beetle populations declined when 2,4-D applications destroyed their natural habitat.25

Birds

The insecticide diazinon is notorious for causing bird kills. Over 50 incidents involving the deaths of up to 1000 birds have been documented in every region of the U.S.95 Diazinon is so lethal to birds that the EPA estimates that between 15 and 80 minutes of grazing on diazinon treated turf is enough to kill a bird.26 Non-target birds may also be killed if they ingest poisoned grains set out as bait for pigeons and rodents.27, 28 Avitrol, a commonly used pigeon bait, poses a large potential for ingestion by non target grain feeding birds. It can be lethal to small seed-eating birds.29 rodifacoum, a common rodenticide, is highly toxic to birds. It also poses a secondary poisoning hazard to birds that may feed on poisoned rodents.30 Herbicides can also be toxic to birds. lthough trifluralin was considered “practically nontoxic to birds” in studies of acute toxicity, birds exposed multiple times to the herbicide experienced diminished reproductive success in the form of cracked eggs. Exposure of eggs to 2,4-D reduced successful hatching of chicken eggs,33 and caused feminization or sterility in pheasant chicks.31 Herbicides can also adversely effect birds by destroying their habitat. Glyphosate treatment in clear cuts caused dramatic decreases in the populations of birds that had lived there.32

Beneficial Soil Microorganisms

One spoonful of healthy soil has millions of tiny organisms including fungi, bacteria, and a host of others. These microorganisms play a key role in helping plants utilize soil nutrients needed to grow and thrive. Microorganisms also help soil store water and nutrients, regulate water flow, and filter pollutants.34 The heavy treatment of soil with pesticides can cause populations of beneficial soil microorganisms to decline. According to soil scientist Dr. Elaine Ingham, “If we lose both bacteria and fungi, then the soil degrades. Overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have effects on the soil organisms that are similar to human overuse of antibiotics. Indiscriminate use of chemicals might work for a few years, but after awhile, there aren’t enough beneficial soil organisms to hold onto the nutrients.”35 For example, plants depend on a variety of soil microorganisms to transform atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates that plants can use. Common landscape herbicides disrupt this process: triclopyr inhibits soil bacteria that transform ammonia into nitrite36; glyphosate reduces the growth and activity of both free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil37 and those that live in nodules on plant roots38; and 2,4-D reduces nitrogen fixation by the bacteria that live on the roots of bean plants,39,40 reduces the growth and activity of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae, 41,42 and inhibits the transformation by soil bacteria of ammonia into nitrates.43,44 Mycorrhizal fungi grow with the roots of many plants and aid in nutrient uptake. These fungi can also be damaged by herbicides in the soil. One study found that oryzalin and trifluralin both inhibited the growth of certain species of mycorrhizal fungi.45 Roundup has been shown to be toxic to mycorrhizal fungi in laboratory studies, and some damaging effects were seen at concentrations lower than those found in soil following typical applications. 46,47 Triclopyr was also found to be toxic to several species of mycorrhizal fungi,48 and oxadiazon reduced the number of mycorrhizal fungal spores.49

Conclusion

Pesticides have contaminated almost every part of our environment. Pesticide residues are found in soil and air, and in surface and ground water across the nation, and urban pesticide uses contribute to the problem. Pesticide contamination poses significant risks to the environment and non-target organisms ranging from beneficial soil microorganisms, to insects, plants, fish, and birds. Contrary to common misconceptions, even herbicides can cause harm to the environment. In fact, weed killers can be especially problematic because they are used in relatively large volumes. The best way to reduce pesticide contamination (and the harm it causes) in our environment is for all of us to do our part to use safer, non-chemical pest control (including weed control) methods.

References:

1. Cooperative Extension Service Pesticide Information Project.1993. Extoxnet: Chlorpyrifos. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University (September).

2. US EPA. 2000. Reregistration eligibility science chapter forchlorpyrifos. Fate and environmental risk assessment chapter(Revised June). http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/op/

chlorpyrifos/efedrra1.pdf.

3. Cox, C. 2000. Lethal lawns: diazinon use threatens salmonsurvival. Journal of Pesticide Reform 20(2). 2-7.72. U.S. EPA. Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic

Substances. 1996. Reregistration eligibility decision (RED):trifluralin. Washington, D.C., April.

4. Koyama, J. 1996. Vertebral deformity susceptibilities ofmarine fishes exposed to herbicide. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 56:655-662.

5. Extoxnet. 1996. Pesticide Information Profile: oryzalin. June.

http://ace.ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet.

6. Shafiei, T.M., and H.H. Costa. 1990. The susceptibility andresistance of fry and fingerlings of Oreochromis mossambicus Peters to some pesticides commonly used in Sri Lanka. Journal Appl. Ichthyol . 6:73-80.

7. Folmar, L.C.,

Guns N’ Roses Ft. Sir Elton John Playing November Rain

Guns N’ Roses And Sir Elton John Playing November Rain.

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